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  First published January 1st 2002 - More than 10 years ago
More about: Advanced Fly tying Salmon flies Floss Tie Better Comment Flat Floss FundamentalsBy Steve Schweitzer
Improving Your Skills A floss silk body should be quite smooth, free from all bumps or irregularities, and should taper very gradually from butt to head
I have
been fortunate enough to have been mentored and
scrutinized by some fantastic tyers over the years.
They each pursue salmon fly perfection like no
other. This article is largely a re-capsulation
of what they have shared with me. Their mentoring
was not in the form of teaching a technique but
moreso in what to look for…what is right
and what is wrong. I reckoned they shared with
me the concepts of what flat floss work should
look like; figuring that I would manage some how
to apply the floss in my own manner. Well, I did,
and this article explains my technique further:
the bodkin needle technique. But let’s
first discuss the material at hand: silk. Two stand out as the preferred choices in salmonfly tying. Pearsall’s tying silk, a twisted 2-pair silk floss is great for smaller applications and predominently wet fly tying. The color and consistency of the dyes are impeccable and don’t vary from batch to batch. The range of colors to choose is diverse and covers most all eccentric tastes in classic salmon fly tying. the silk comes in smaller 10-meter spools.
But, my
preferred silk choice is manufactured in the Orient
(company not known…better yet, I’m not
able to read the writing on the box!). The silk
comes on approximately 4-inch cardboard tubes
and is somewhat flattened already. The colors
are extremely vibrant and consistent, the most
vibrant I’ve ever seen in any dyed material.
In fact, you will have a hard time in matching
other dyed materials like seal’s fur dubbing
and swan shoulder to the exquisite colors available
to you. The drawback: at nearly $8 US per tube,
the cost of obtaining the basic colors (12 or
so) can run up the tab in a hurry. The company
offers a color selection chart available for about
$10 that includes actual samples from all 77 colors.
If you are at all serious about the quality and
color of the silk floss you use in salmon flies,
it is best to get yourself a copy of the color
card.  Opening my box of Japanese silks reveals a few colors I have selected to tie salmonfly bodies. True silk floss will pick up and show the slightest of skin oils and dirt. Both of which mar the gorgeous sheen and rich colors that natural silk floss embodies. The cure: thoroughly wash your hands with an alcohol-based cleanser like the anti-bacterial soaps now on the market. Rinse your hands thoroughly and pat dry with a clean towel. Avoid picking up too much towel lint. If your hands are rough and dry, a piece of 300-400 grit emory paper can be used to "sand" away the dry parts of your finger tips. This will help alleviate the possibility of having a small dry patch of skin catch the silk floss; if you use your bare hands. Don’t ever use hand cream to sooth your dry hands if you are about to tie with silk!
Finally,
as a precautionary measure, I always use a silk
glove on the hand that touches the silk as I wrap.
Silk on silk is the best route for protecting
the fragile nature of natural silk floss. Don’t
use hackle pliers either. If they are metal-on-metal
clasps, they will most certainly shear some of
the fibers of the silk and cause little stray
silk fibers to form. These are those telltale
microstrands that stick out like a sore thumb
on silk bodies that aren’t carefully applied.
Also, don’t even use rubber-padded hackle
pliers. They don’t allow you to flatten the
silk out like you could if you were just using
your hands. Bottom line: just use your hands!
 A burnished thread base provides a very flat and smooth surface to cover with silk floss. Under all that pretty floss you lay on a hook are wraps of thread and maybe even some foundation material used to create a progressive taper. If these wraps aren’t flat they’ll most definitely show up through the thin wrap of fine silk. The first step of ensuring flat underwrappings is to untwist the roped bias that all thread exhibits. (See Martin Joergensen’s article on Thread Control for a further explanation) Spinning your bobbin counter-clockwise will flatten the thread and allow greater control in application. The rule of thumb for flat floss is to cover the entire silk-bound area with flat thread wraps first. Pay strict attention to wrapping the thread. Ensure each wrap touches the previous but does not overlap it. Assuming you started at the oval tinsel wraps at the tag, move forward to the eye of the hook covering the silk-destined section of the shank with the thread base. You may want to go over the area several times to build up a slight taper as called for in some classic salmon patterns. Finally, even after you’ve taken precise caution in ensuring flat thread wraps, there always seems to be a few minor lumps to work out. If you’re really good, it will take a magnifying lens to detect these, but they are there and silk will magnify those minor nuances later on. Using a very smooth bodkin needle, free of glue fragments and burrs, rub it gently back and forth over the thread base to smooth it out one last time. This step is called burnishing. Take as long as necessary on this whole step; for it is sure that your time and efforts will be rewarded in flawless floss application later.  Start the floss at the ending point and wrap back to the tinsel tag. This avoids a tie-in build-up at the tag. It is difficult to hide this bump. Starting the Silk Floss on the Hook Shank Because hiding your starting point is essential to leaving a flat trace of properly laid silk, let’s talk about where to start silk wraps. Let’s use the tag wrap for conversation starters. The tag wrap is one of the most common elements of all salmon flies. The most common error is to start your floss right after the tinsel wraps and work up from there. Doing this forces you to cover up the tied in tag of floss on the back side of the fly. Most certainly a bump will result. Instead, tie the silk in just forward of the ending point of the silk and wrap back to the tag, then forward again. Tie off where you started your floss. The bump at the tie off point is usually covered by another material, thus it isn’t essential to worry about this.
Now I’ve
presented some fundamental chores necessary to
laying flat floss, let’s get on with the
key point to this article!  Using the bodkin method, pre-flatten the floss as much as possible prior to each wrap.  The final product is a consistantly flat silk floss body. Taking some additional care, one can burnish the floss sightly to achieve an even smoother application. The photo above shows floss that has not been burnished.
Applying Silk Using A Bodkin Here’s how it works. The first step to success is to tie in the floss at the starting point on the hook shank in a relatively flattened state to begin with. The best way to achieve this is to tie it in at a 45 degree angle in the direction you wish to wrap it. To achieve a relatively flat wrap as the tie in point, use the thread-wrap trap method to secure the beginning tag of the floss.. The thread-wrap trap method is nothing more than moving the material to be tied in under an existing wrap of thread instead of adding another wrap of thread to capture the material on the hook. Once the silk is tied on securely and flat, the job of applying consecutively thin flat wraps over the hook shank is aided by using a bodkin. On the backside turn of each wrap, utilize a clean and de-burred bodkin needle to help flatten out the floss. Accomplish this by sliding the bodkin needle up and down the backside wrap of floss to flatten it AND at the same time bringing the wrap under the hook shank and over the top, completing one revolution. Repeat this step for each wrap until you’ve reached the backward end of the flossed area and do the same moving forward to the tie in point. Basically each wrap has a pre-flattened floss segment prior to wrap-in via the aid of a bodkin needle. I use the bodkin needle to help lay the flattened silk for each wrap on the hook shank. Some folks can wrap silk without the aid of any tools but I find it easier to use this method.
The Flat Scoop On Flat Silk Bodies
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I’ve
developed a habit instilled in me by my salmonfly
tying mentors. When evaluating the salmon fly
dressings of others, I look at the floss work
first. It is a key characteristic that determines
and shows the skills of the cream of the crop.
While each intricsate step of creating a salmon
fly requires undaunting attention to detail, applying
silk floss correctly is oftentimes overlooked
and under-taught. Even in T.E. Pryce-Tannatt's
classic book, "How to Dress Salmon Flies",
he only dedicates 2 paragraphs to the subject.
